The archipelago of the Pontine Islands was created as a result of volcanic activity. The islands’ history goes back centuries, with evidence of settlers from both the Neolithic Period and the Bronze Age. Having been inhabited by the Etruscans – who carved the islands’ famous grottoes – as well as the Romans – which resulted in many Roman ruins, including ancient shipwrecks in the surrounding ocean bed – the Pontine Islands have a unique history that has helped shape the culture of the area today.

The two inhabited islands in the archipelago – Ponza and Ventotene – have individualized cultural identities, offering options for travelers looking to visit the islands.

Ponza is heralded as a picturesque, relaxed destination that is often bustling with Italians on holiday, travelers from around the globe, and even famous celebrities and royalty. While Ponza does offer some historic cultural sites – there are Roman ruins, ancient tombs, and Roman tunnels and aqueducts – the main draw to Ponza is its island atmosphere, colorful homes, delicious restaurants, stunning beaches, and exciting water activities like snorkeling, diving, and sailing.

Comparatively, Ventotene has a more secluded feel and its appeal is rooted in its peaceful atmosphere. In fact, the island is entirely car-free, so locals and travelers explore it on foot, taking in the ocean breezes and seaside views. Like Ponza, it features colorful homes and a unique island character, but Ventotene is less tourist-filled and more historic, home to an old Roman port that is still used today, an archaeological museum, and ancient Roman ruins.

The other islands – Palmarola, Santo Stefano, Gavi, and Zannone – are all uninhabited, offering travelers a truly off the beaten path experience.

The culture of the islands is defined as much by the archipelago’s history as it is by its identified as a hidden gem vacation destination.

ART

Due to the archipelago’s small footprint, there are not as many art museums on the Pontine Islands as one would typically expect from an Italian vacation destination. However, the striking ocean views that surround each of the islands practically makes up for it.

If looking for a museum to enjoy while at the islands, visit the Museo Storico Archeologico (Archeological Museum) on the island of Ventotene. Located in the basement of the island’s town hall, the Torre Borbonico, this museum houses Roman artifacts such as shipwreck pieces and remnants of an ancient Roman villa. There are fragments of sculptures and marble pieces as well as painted stucco decor, giving modern day travelers a glimpse into the extravagant tastes of the Roman times.

Another interesting museum worth a visit is the Museo Etnografico located on the island of Ponza. Located inside of a cave, items pertaining to daily life on the island, such as letters, statues, tools, and more over the centuries are on display at this unusual museum.

ARCHITECTURE

Almost every island in the Pontine Isles has its own unique architecture to admire, with the exception of Gavi, which is only home to flora and fauna, such as lizards, rabbits, scorpions, and more.

On Ponza, the largest of the islands, is a photo-worthy Roman harbor that is flanked by unique, colorful fishermen homes. Many of them have vaulted roofs and sport pastel colors that brighten up the coastline. The grottoes that have been carved into the rock have been made into studios and other unique dwellings that have housed locals since Prehistoric times. In the hilly area of Ponza, there are charming villas built in colonial style. These were created by early settlers in the 1700s.

The Cisterna della Dragonara cistern is further evidence of Ponza’s Roman past. The Romans created a series of cisterns on the island of Ponza as a means of gathering rainwater. Of these cisterns, the Dragonara Cistern is perfectly preserved.

On Ventotene, travelers can take a guided tour through a ruined Roman villa. Called Villa Giulia, this villa contains traces of the elegant building’s former glory. There are remnants of incredible mosaics, walls with flecks of original paint, and baths that are now nearly demolished by nature and time.

One of the Pontine Islands’ most unique pieces of architecture is on the island of Santo Stefano. Dominating the island is a massive prison that was originally built by the Bourbons. Until 1965, it housed criminals of all kinds. The history of the prison is dark, as the prisoners were known to be tortured. In fact, the prison’s 99 cells were meant to accommodate around 600 prisoners, but it was common for over 800 to be held there. Today, travelers can visit the prison, viewing the ancient cells and climbing to the top of the central watchtower.

Palmarola is known as one of the world’s most gorgeous islands. Aside from its natural beauty, travelers can admire the unique homes of the island, which are dug directly into the volcanic rock.

Though the island of Zannone is nearly all nature, the remains of a thirteenth century Benedictine monastery can be viewed and explored.

LITERATURE

Along with being the Pontine Island’s most popular destination for tourism, Ponza holds a unique history for fans of literature. Some literary scholars believe that Ponza is actually the island of Aeaea – the home of the sorceress Circe in the classic epic poem The Odyssey by Homer. In the story, Circe was capable of turning men into animals. Located just west of Ponza is the Grotta della Maga Circe, said to be Circe’s cave where she lived and did her spellcasting.

The island of Ponza is known for its stunning grottoes, which were carved by the Etruscans centuries ago. Many of them have names that reflect literary history such as the Cave of Ulysses and the Serpent’s Cave.

CINEMA

The islands may be small, but collectively their legendary beauty has inspired several filmmakers over the centuries, including Wes Anderson who filmed part of The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004) on the island of Ponza.

Other movies that have been filmed or set in the archipelago include Africa sotto i mari (1952), Teseo contro il Minotauro (1961), The Thief of Baghdad (1961), La corruzione (1963), Un’isola (1986), Tutto l’amore del mondo (2010), and Sul mare (2010).

MUSIC

The islands host various musical events throughout the year, often tied to religious celebrations. One example is the Feast of the Assumption on August 15 in Ponza. Each year, the locals celebrate with a procession and an evening concert. It is not uncommon to find outdoor concerts on the islands of Ponza and Ventotene in town squares during the summer months.

SCIENCE

Due to the area’s vast history, the islands of Ventotene and Ponza are home to several archaeological sites that depict the advancements of Roman settlements that once occupied the area. From remains of ancient villas to historic aqueducts, fans of science and history can surely be entertained on the Pontine Islands.